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An investigation of coopetitive 普通类
Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have created a supportive environment for collaborative learning at the expense of student motivation and engagement. This study attempts to explore the development of a productive learning atmosphere in the context of Web-based learning. An experiment is conducted with university-level students having homogenous background and coursework by applying heterogeneous pedagogies that create either competitive or collaborative learning atmospheres. The differences in learning atmosphere bring about variations in social presence and enjoyment of learning. The findings show that “coopetition” (defined as collaboration within the group and competition between groups) was the best learning strategy because competition and collaboration stimulated different types of knowledge growth in the knowledge-creation spiral. Competitive learning atmospheres encourage students to develop higher analytic skills, while collaborative learning atmospheres prompt students to demonstrate higher synthetic skills. Because both atmospheres contribute to learning, this study has found that combining both pedagogies in constructing a coopetitive learning atmosphere not only contributes to analytic and synthetic skills, but also raises the overall knowledge level. The findings pinpointed the importance of creating a learning environment that integrates ICTs, learners’ backgrounds, courseware, and pedagogic considerations in the process of increasing knowledge levels.
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Transforming online professional development 普通类
Increasingly, teachers have appreciated the potential of technology in teaching and learning, yet the implementation of technology in the classroom settings moved slowly. (National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES), 2006). Apart from external factors such as budget and technical problems, slow movement may result from intellectually superficial teacher training which is unable to provide ongoing support for teachers as they attempt to implement new pedagogies such as the integration of educational technologies into teaching practices (Darling-Hammond & Bransford, 2005). Further, researchers have found that professional development in technology integration are often short of providing such context that supports teachers to develop multiple kinds of knowledge and appropriate skills in order to create their own technology-based instruction (Darling-Hammond & Snyder, 2000; Lave & Wenger, 1991; Wiggins, 1993). Despite the plethora of rhetoric about teacher professional development in technology integration, there is still a paucity of empirical data addressing the effective implementation of online professional development to promote the actual implementation of technology into classroom, or about its impact on teaching practices. Supporting in-service teachers
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The participants perspective 普通类
This pilot investigative study tested the efficacy of a music e-learning resource specifically constructed to enable individual learners to play a 12-bar improvised blues by ear, on a musical keyboard, in an e-learning environment. The study also sought the participants’ perspective of this experience by eliciting their reflections on the learning experience. Participant perceptions of the role of the ’on-line tutor’ in this e-learning environment were also examined. The research adopted a qualitative approach through videotaped observation of the participants as they engaged with the resource. The resulting video data was analysed employing an inductive process of analysis. Semistructured interviews were also conducted with individual participants after the learning sessions were completed. Qualitative analysis of the interview transcriptions provided the participant perspective. Triangulation between the data validated researcher interpretations of the findings. Results revealed (a) all participants successfully engaged with the musical task in the e-learning environment, (b) five learning activities emerged from the analysis of the video data that were interpreted as: ’instruction’, ’copying’, ’practising’, ’playing’ and ’evaluating’, (c) four ’participant perspective’ themes emerged from the interview data that were interpreted as: ’activities’, ’feelings’, ’evaluation’ and ’difficulties’ (d) participants sought different levels of interaction with the ’on-line tutor’ who was found to adopt the role of ’remote facilitator’.
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Use of peer feedback to enhance elementary 普通类
The learning process can be transformed from in-class teaching into learning outside the classroom due to the emergence of new networking tools. In this study, peer feedback was used to enhance elementary students’ writing through employing a brand new networking environment: the blogWeb 2.0 (O’Reilly, 2005).Without teachers’ guidance on the out-of-class writing, students were brought to the blog environment in which they posted their articles, made corrections or gave suggestions and shared their work with others. Thus, students could have greater inspiration to write and gain more practice in writing.
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The effect of films with and without subtitles 普通类
The present study represented a preliminary effort to empirically examine the efficacy of subtitled movie on listening comprehension of intermediate English as a Foreign Language students. To achieve this purpose, out of a total of 200 intermediate students, 90were picked based on a proficiency test. The material consisted of six episodes (approximately 5 minutes each) of a DVD entitled ‘Wild Weather’. The students viewed only one of the three treatment conditions: English subtitles, Persian subtitles, no subtitles. After each viewing session, six sets of multiple-choice testswere administered to examine listening comprehension rates. The results revealed that the English subtitles group performed at a considerably higher level than the Persian subtitles group, which in turn performed at a substantially higher level than the no subtitle group on the listening test.
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Fostering children’s effort-making 普通类
Virtual character is a significant application in the research field of technology-enhanced learning. In this study, the concept of animal companions, ‘non-smart’ virtual characters, is proposed as a way to encourage students to promote effort-making learning behaviours. The two underpinning design rationales are first discussed followed by the description of the development of a practical application, the My-Pet v2 system. A preliminary experiment was conducted to examine the system usability in terms of cognitive, affective and time-on-task characteristics. The results reveal that participants in the group using a complete version of My-Pet v2 showed better quality of effort-making learning behaviours. Some implications and future research directions are also discussed.
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Conceptions of e learning 普通类
The conceptions an individual holds about a phenomenon can influence and determine associated behaviours and perspectives. Consequently, they have a bearing upon how learning about a phenomenon is undertaken and how that phenomenon is experienced and applied in context. A phenomenographic research approach was used to gather the expressed experiences of e-learning and professional development for e-learning held by teachers and support staff from institutions across New Zealand. Five conceptions of e-learning (as tool and equipment; as a facilitator of interaction; as learning; as a reduction in distance; and as a collaborative enterprise) and four conceptions of professional development for e-learning (as training; as opening up possibilities; as collaboration; and as relevant and purposeful) were discovered. In this report, we discuss the conceptions, and show how they are interrelated through outcome space. Implications for the professional development of tertiary teachers and teaching support staff are outlined. The study provides some insights for individuals, institutions and those responsible for planning and implementing professional development programmes to help them to support the development and progress of e-learning in appropriate and rewarding directions.
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Would boys and girls benefit 普通类
Most boys and girls interact differently with educational software and have different preferences for the design of educational software. The question is whether the usage of educational software has the same consequences for both genders. This paper investigates the characteristics of drill-and-practice programmes or drills that are efficient for boys and girls. The experiment was carried out in order to find out the characteristics of drills that have statistically significant correlations with the learning outcome of boys and girls. The findings about statistically significant gender differences will be discussed. The paper concludes with some recommendations for composing drills appropriate for both genders.
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Implications from theorising about a new model 普通类
As visual connectivity improves, an opportunity to enrich and rethink the place of learning design in online and distance education is presenting itself. The opportunity is derived from the increasing scope for personalised synchronous interaction which has been missing in computer mediated communications (CMC) and previous generations of distance education. This paper presents a model which distinguishes between planned learner-content interaction and learner-learner interaction and suggests that a blend of planned and non-planned learner-learner interaction is worthwhile. It concentrates on technology enhanced learning using video communications which provide opportunities for more authentic online collaborative learning, formally and informally. This conceptualisation is underpinned by beliefs which promote constructivist and transformative learning in the hope of stimulating debate as universities focus more towards quality learning. The intent is to explore the implications of learning in higher education becoming enhanced in online environments as learner-learner dialogue occurs ‘face-to-face’, thus, extending the potential of online learner-content environments.
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Learners’ views on using a confident 普通类
Many institutions encourage formative computer-based assessment (CBA), yet competing priorities mean that learners are necessarily selective about what they engage in. So how can we motivate them to engage? Can we facilitate learners to take more control of shaping their learning experience? To explore this, the Learning with Interactive Assessment (LINA) project, a small-scale study, trialed a selection of online, interactive question features designed to increase motivation, particularly of work-based learners, and to enhance learners’ ability to self-regulate their own learning experience. We present initial findings on learner perceptions of: (1) a confidence indicator tool—for learners to indicate their confidence that their answer will be correct before answering a question; (2) a learning log—for learners to insert reflections or view system-recorded information about their learning pathway; and (3) question feedback—for displaying a range of author comments. Themes emerged relating to motivational, behavioural and cognitive factors, including risk taking and skills in self-assessment. A serendipitous finding highlights learners’ frequently not reading onscreen feedback and presents perceptions on when feedback becomes most useful. Motivators and barriers to engagement and self-regulation are discussed in relation to principles of best feedback practice.